• How to Calculate Cost Per Click

  Cost per click (CPC) is total ad spend divided by clicks. A low CPC helps only when those clicks convert toward your goal.

• How to Crop Images for Channels

  Crop for story and safe zones first, then resize to exact pixel specs for each channel.

• How to Calculate CPM

  CPM is the cost of one thousand impressions. It is useful for reach and awareness buying — not a substitute for CPA or ROAS.

• Browser-Local Tools vs Upload Suites

  Upload suites send bytes to a vendor. Browser-local tools keep drafts on-device with Canvas, pdf-lib or pdf.js.

• How to Calculate CTR

  Click-through rate is clicks divided by impressions. It measures creative and relevance — not conversion by itself.

• CPM vs CPC vs CPA: What’s the Difference?

  CPM prices impressions, CPC prices clicks, and CPA prices acquisitions. Match the buying model to the objective.

• How Much Should You Spend on Google Ads?

  Start with a test budget large enough to exit learning, then scale campaigns that hit your target CPA or ROAS.

• How to Build UTM Tracking Links

  UTM parameters tag campaign traffic. Set at least utm_source, utm_medium and utm_campaign — lowercase and consistent.

• UTM Hygiene for Teams

  Agree a lowercase taxonomy for source, medium and campaign. Ban spaces and personal data. Document who owns naming.

• ROAS by Channel: Planning Benchmarks Without False Precision

  Channels do not share one efficient ROAS. Prefer your own history over generic internet tables.